The heart is a vital organ that beats tirelessly, ensuring the body gets oxygen and other nutrients it needs. The heart rate, often referred to as the pulse, measures the number of times the heart beats per minute (bpm). The average/regular heart rate for adults (15 years and older) is 60 to 100 beats per minute. However, a person’s heart rate fluctuates throughout the day, and it usually varies from person to person.
Various factors like activity, stress, and age influence heart rate. But sometimes, the heat rate can become dangerously high, putting health at risk. Therefore, identifying the heart rate pattern is crucial in understanding what constitutes a dangerous heart rate. This article will explore everything you need to know about dangerous heart rates, their types, and what are the factors that influence them.
Average Resting Heart Rate Across Ages
Age can significantly influence the resting heart rate. Here is a general guideline for average resting heart rates by age:
- Newborns: 100-160 bpm
- 0-5 months: 90-150 bpm
- 6-12 months: 80-140 bpm
- 1-3 years: 80-130 bpm
- 3-5 years: 80-120 bpm
- 6-10 years: 70-110 bpm
- 11-14 years: 60-105 bpm
- 15 years and older: 60-100 bpm
Understanding Heart Rate by Age in Adults
Various factors, including age, physical condition, and activity level, influence the heart rate. Here are the heart rate ranges for different age groups in adults:
Age 20
- Target heart rate: 100-170 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 200 bpm
Age 30
- Target heart rate: 95-162 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 190 bpm
Age 35
- Target heart rate: 93-157 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 185 bpm
Age 40
- Target heart rate: 90-153 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 180 bpm
Age 45
- Target heart rate: 88-149 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 175 bpm
Age 50
- Target heart rate: 85-145 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 170 bpm
Age 55
- Target heart rate: 83-140 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 165 bpm
Age 60
- Target heart rate: 80-136 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 160 bpm
Age 65
- Target heart rate: 78-132 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 155 bpm
Age 70
- Target heart rate: 75-128 bpm
- Average maximum heart rate: 150 bpm
Summary
Heart rate ranges differ with age in adults, from 100-170 bpm at 20 to 75-128 bpm at 70. Exercise intensity and fitness level can impact heart rate during workouts. It is essential to understand the ideal heart rate zone for safe and effective workouts.
How to Check Heart Rate?
People can check their heart rate by counting their pulse. To do this:
- Find the pulse by gently pressing the middle and index fingers to the inner part of the wrist (thumb side), known as the radial artery.
- Once locating the pulse, count the beats for 30 seconds, then double the count to get the heart rate. They can also count for 10 seconds and multiply by six. If the heartbeat is irregular, count for the full 60 seconds.
- If someone constantly has a fast and irregular heartbeat, consult a doctor.
Summary
To check their heart rate, individuals can find their pulse by gently pressing their middle and index fingers to the wrist’s inner part, specifically the radial artery. After locating the pulse, they should count the beats for 30 seconds and double the count to determine their heart rate. Alternatively, counting for 10 seconds and multiplying by six is also an option. If the heartbeat is irregular, a complete 60-second count is necessary. Consistently fast and irregular heartbeats should prompt a consultation with a doctor.
Factors that Can Affect Resting Heart Rate
The resting heart rate, which represents the number of heartbeats per minute while at rest, can be influenced by various factors. Understanding these factors is essential in evaluating and maintaining cardiovascular health:
1. Age
Resting heart rate tends to decrease with age. Newborns and infants have higher heart rates, which gradually decrease as they grow into adulthood. This age-related change is due to differences in heart size, efficiency, and metabolic rate.
2. Fitness and Physical Activity Level
Regular physical activity and fitness can lead to a lower resting heart rate. Well-conditioned athletes often have resting heart rates below the average range because their hearts are more efficient at pumping blood.
3. Cardiovascular Health
Individuals with underlying cardiovascular conditions may have elevated resting heart rates. Heart diseases can disrupt the heart’s normal rhythm, leading to a higher baseline heart rate.
4. High Cholesterol or Diabetes
High cholesterol and diabetes can contribute to arterial plaque buildup and damage to blood vessels. As a result, the heart may need to work harder, causing an increase in resting heart rate.
5. Air Temperature
Hot weather can elevate the resting heart rate as the body works to cool itself down through perspiration. This increased heart rate helps distribute blood to the skin for cooling.
6. Body Positioning
The body’s position can influence the resting heart rate. For example, lying down often results in a lower heart rate compared to standing or sitting, as less effort is required to pump blood against gravity.
7. Body Weight
Excess body weight can lead to an elevated resting heart rate, as the heart must work harder to supply blood to a larger body. Weight loss can help lower the resting heart rate.
8. Emotions
Emotional states such as anxiety, excitement, or stress can temporarily increase the resting heart rate due to the release of stress hormones. Learning relaxation techniques can help mitigate this effect.
9. Medications
Certain medications, such as stimulants or decongestants, can raise the resting heart rate as a side effect. It’s essential to be aware of medication-induced changes in heart rate.
10. Anaemia
Anaemia, a condition characterised by a low red blood cell count, can cause the heart to beat faster to compensate for reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Treating anaemia can help normalise the resting heart rate.
11. Smoking
Smoking and the nicotine it contains can stimulate the heart and raise the resting heart rate. Quitting smoking can lead to a reduction in heart rate over time.
Summary
Resting heart rate is influenced by a multitude of factors, including age, fitness level, cardiovascular health, high cholesterol, diabetes, ambient temperature, body position, body weight, emotions, medications, anaemia, and smoking. These variables collectively shape an individual’s baseline heart rate. Monitoring resting heart rate and considering these factors is essential for assessing cardiovascular health and overall well-being.
What is a Dangerous Heart Rate?
Before engaging in vigorous exercise, it is crucial to understand the maximum heart rate. The maximum heart rate varies with age. One calculates it by subtracting the age of a person from 220. Going beyond the maximum heart rate is not healthy. For example, if someone’s maximum heart rate is 185 bpm, exceeding 200 bpm during exercise is dangerous.
Target Heart Rate Zone
The target heart rate zone, which indicates the appropriate intensity for exercise, is typically 60-80% of the maximum heart rate. Consult the doctor before starting strenuous exercise, especially if someone has underlying health conditions.
High Resting Heart Rates
A resting heart rate of 120 bpm is considered high and could be a sign of anxiety. Regular monitoring can help detect dangerous changes in heart rate. High resting heart rates, such as 120 bpm, may signal underlying issues and should be monitored regularly for potential health concerns.
Summary
Understanding your maximum heart rate is essential before engaging in vigorous exercise. This rate varies with age, and one calculates it by subtracting a person’s age from 220. Exceeding the maximum heart rate, for example, surpassing 200 bpm when it’s 185 bpm, can be dangerous. The target heart rate zone, typically 60-80% of the maximum heart rate, indicates the ideal exercise intensity.
High Heart Rates (Tachycardia)
Tachycardia refers to having a heart rate above 100 bpm. It can be dangerous in some cases, as it disrupts the heart’s normal rhythm, reducing cardiac output and blood pressure levels. It can lead to organ damage, particularly in sensitive tissues like brain cells that require a constant supply of oxygen.
Types of Tachycardia
There are different types of tachycardia, and it is essential to understand their origins and implications. Here are some common types:
Atrial Fibrillation
It is the most common type of tachycardia, characterised by irregular electrical pulses in the heart’s upper chambers (atria). It carries a higher risk of blood clot formation and stroke.
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
SVT is a fast heartbeat originating in the heart’s upper chambers. It may be present at birth and relates to abnormal circuitry.
Atrial Flutter
This tachycardia results from irregular circuitry in the atria, leading to rapid and weak cardiac contractions.
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
VT occurs when the heart’s lower chambers beat quickly, often more severe than SVT.
Ventricular Fibrillation
In this condition, the ventricles receive rapid, uncoordinated electrical pulses, causing them to twitch instead of pumping blood. It requires immediate medical attention.
Causes of Tachycardia
Several factors can lead to a high heart rate, including:
- Anxiety
- Pain
- Pregnancy
- Fever or exposure to intense heat
- Caffeine consumption
- Smoking
- Lack of physical fitness
- Medication side effects
- Blood cell and nutrient abnormalities
- Blood pressure problems
- Heart disorders
- Thyroid issues
Symptoms of Tachycardia
Tachycardia may not always show symptoms, but when it does, they can include:
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Faster heartbeat
- Chest pain or pressure
- Shortness of breath
- Palpitations
- Fatigue
Having a consistently high heart rate can be dangerous, leading to loss of consciousness or even a heart attack. When left untreated, it poses several risks, including:
- Stroke
- Heart damage
- Organ failure
- Cardiac arrest
- Dizziness or fainting
- Chest pain
Tips to Lower the Heart Rate
To maintain a healthy heart rate, consider these tips:
- Stay physically active with moderate to vigorous exercise regularly.
- Avoid the use of tobacco and alcohol
- Adopt a healthy diet and maintain a healthy weight
- Prioritise sleep
- Practise deep breathing to manage stress and anxiety
- Follow the healthcare provider’s recommended physical activity routine and customised diet plan.
Summary
Tachycardia, or heat rate above 100 bpm, disrupts normal heart rhythm, potentially causing organ damage. Types include—Atrial Fibrillation, Supraventricular Tachycardia, Atrial Flutter, Ventricular Tachycardia, and Ventricular Fibrillation. Tachycardia origins vary, from anxiety and pain to heart disorders and medication side effects. Symptoms like dizziness and chest pain necessitate prompt medical attention. Maintain a heart rate below 80 bpm by exercising, avoiding tobacco/alcohol, eating a balanced diet, getting ample sleep and stress management, and following medical advice.
Low Heart Rate (Bradycardia)
A low heart rate, or bradycardia, occurs when the heart beats less than 60 times per minute while awake. In some cases, a low heart rate is perfectly normal, especially among elite athletes with resting heart rates as low as 40 beats per minute. However, for non-athletes, a consistently low heart rate might indicate a problem in the heart’s natural conducting system.
Types of Bradycardia
Bradycardia comes in various forms, and understanding them can help identify potential causes and treatments:
Sinus Bradycardia
This type occurs when the heart rate falls below 60 beats per minute. In healthy individuals, this may not cause complications. It becomes a concern when the heart rate is consistently below 40 beats per minute or causes symptoms.
Sick Sinus Syndrome
When the heart’s natural pacemaker, the sinus node, starts slacking off, people might experience sinus pauses and other arrhythmias. Some individuals with this syndrome may need an artificial pacemaker.
Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome
Common in people with atrial fibrillation, this syndrome causes the heart to alternate between fast and slow beats.
Heart Block
An abnormality in the heart’s electrical conduction system results in slower heart rates. The severity varies, and treatment depends on the type of heart block.
Ectopic Bradycardia
It occurs when a different part of the heart becomes the pacemaker. It can happen in the atria, junctions, or ventricles.
Causes of Bradycardia
Various factors can lead to bradycardia, ranging from mild to severe. These include:
- Sleep apnea (often treatable)
- Structural heart problems
- Sinus node dysfunction
- Heart disease
- Heart attack
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
- Medications (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc.)
- Other medical conditions (e.g., amyloidosis, Lyme disease)
Symptoms of Bradycardia
If someone experiences any of the following symptoms alongside a low heart rate, it is essential to seek medical advice:
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Fatigue
- Confusion
- Trouble breathing
Additionally, a very low heart rate can harm other organs, especially in cases of low blood pressure or shock.
Tips to Raise the Heart Rate
If someone has a low heart rate that is not due to their physical fitness level, there are steps they can take to raise it:
- Exercise as recommended by the healthcare provider
- Stay hydrated
- Opt for smaller, frequent meals instead of large, heavy ones.
While caffeine and stimulating substances can raise the heart rate temporarily, it is best to consult a doctor regarding nutrition guidelines. Sometimes, a pacemaker may be necessary to regulate the heart rate effectively.
Summary
A low heart rate, or bradycardia, refers to a heart rate that consistently sits below 60 beats per minute when you are awake. Types include—Sinus Bradycardia, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome, Heart Block, and Ectopic Bradycardia. Determining the cause and symptoms of bradycardia is crucial for appropriate treatment. Sometimes, a low resting heart rate may occur among well-trained athletes. However, a consistently low heart rate in non-athletes can be an early sign of heart problems and harm to other organs. Regular exercise, hydration, and balanced meals aid non-athletes in raising low heart rates. People should consult a healthcare provider if they experience dizziness, fainting, fatigue, confusion, or trouble breathing, along with a low heart rate.
HealthifyMe Suggestion
A healthy heart doesn’t beat with the regularity of clockwork. It speeds up and slows down to accommodate your changing need for oxygen as your activities vary throughout the day. Keep hydrated. The amount of blood circulating through your body decreases when you are dehydrated. To compensate, your heart will beat quicker, boosting your heart rate. This puts a strain on your heart because it has to work harder than usual. Along with your heart rate, listening to your body provides more indications of how hard it is working. Pay attention to how hard you’re breathing or sweating, and stop if you feel very uncomfortable.
The Final Word
Being aware of the heart rate and recognising the potential risks of dangerous heart rates is essential for maintaining overall health. The heart responds to the body’s demands, but when irregularities persist or occur with other symptoms, they may indicate an underlying medical issue. Only a doctor can diagnose and treat such problems. Remember, a normal heart rate varies, and factors like exercise, caffeine, and medications can influence it. Regular monitoring, a healthy lifestyle, and consulting a healthcare professional when needed can help keep the heart rate in a safe and optimal range. Do not ignore the signs—the heart deserves the best care, ensuring a harmonious rhythm that promotes well-being.
Disclaimer: The purpose of this article is just to disperse knowledge and raise awareness. It does not intend to replace medical advice from professionals. For further information, please contact our certified nutritionists Here.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is considered a dangerous heart rate?
A: A dangerous heart rate exceeds an individual’s maximum heart rate, calculated by subtracting their age from 220. Going beyond this limit, especially during strenuous exercise, can be perilous. For instance, if someone’s maximum heart rate is 185 beats per minute (bpm), surpassing 200 bpm during exercise is considered dangerous.
Q: What are the potential health risks associated with a dangerously high heart rate?
A: A dangerously high heart rate, known as tachycardia (above 100 bpm), can disrupt the heart’s normal rhythm, reducing blood pressure and cardiac output. This condition may lead to organ damage, particularly in sensitive tissues like the brain, which requires a consistent supply of oxygen. Different types of tachycardia, such as atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation, can pose specific health risks, including blood clot formation, stroke, and cardiac arrest.
Q: Can a dangerously low heart rate be life-threatening?
A: Yes, a dangerously low heart rate, termed bradycardia (less than 60 bpm while awake), can be life-threatening. While it is normal for highly trained athletes to have low resting heart rates, a consistently low heart rate in non-athletes might indicate a problem in the heart’s natural conducting system. Severe bradycardia can lead to dizziness, fainting, confusion, and even harm to other organs, especially in cases of low blood pressure or shock.
Q: How is a dangerous heart rate diagnosed or determined?
A: Dangerous heart rates can be determined through the calculation of maximum heart rate (220 minus age) and monitoring heart rate during exercise. Additionally, irregularities in heart rate, whether too high (tachycardia) or too low (bradycardia), should prompt a consultation with a healthcare provider. Various diagnostic tests, such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), Holter monitoring, and stress tests, can help diagnose and evaluate dangerous heart rates.
Q: Are there specific heart rate thresholds that are universally considered dangerous?
A: While specific thresholds for dangerous heart rates can vary among individuals due to factors like age and fitness level, generally, a heart rate exceeding an individual’s maximum heart rate during exercise is considered dangerous. The target heart rate zone, typically 60-80% of the maximum heart rate, indicates the ideal exercise intensity. However, consultation with a doctor, especially for those with underlying health conditions, is advisable.
Q: What are the symptoms of a dangerously high heart rate?
A: Symptoms of a dangerously high heart rate (tachycardia) may include dizziness, fainting, a faster heartbeat, chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, palpitations, and fatigue. Consistently elevated heart rates can lead to serious health concerns like stroke, heart damage, organ failure, cardiac arrest, and chest pain.
Q: What are the symptoms of a dangerously low heart rate?
A: Symptoms of a dangerously low heart rate (bradycardia) may include dizziness, fainting, fatigue, confusion, and difficulty breathing. Extremely low heart rates can harm other organs, particularly when accompanied by low blood pressure or shock.
Q: How does age affect what is considered a dangerous heart rate?
A: Age significantly affects what is considered a dangerous heart rate. Resting heart rates vary across different age groups. For example, a resting heart rate of 120 bpm might be normal for a newborn but dangerous for an adult. Understanding the age-related variations in heart rates is crucial for assessing heart health.
Q: Can certain medical conditions lead to dangerous heart rates?
A: Yes, several medical conditions, such as heart diseases, heart attacks, thyroid issues, and medication side effects, can lead to dangerous heart rates. These conditions can cause both tachycardia (high heart rate) and bradycardia (low heart rate), posing various health risks.
Q: Is a consistently irregular heart rate considered dangerous?
A: Yes, a consistently irregular heart rate should not be ignored, as it can be a sign of an underlying heart issue. Arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation, can disrupt the heart’s rhythm and may lead to serious health consequences if left untreated.
Q: Are there factors other than heart rate that can contribute to heart-related dangers?
A: Yes, factors other than heart rate can contribute to heart-related dangers. These include blood pressure problems, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and lifestyle choices like poor diet and lack of exercise. Addressing these factors is essential for overall heart health.
Q: What should someone do if they suspect they have a dangerously high or low heart rate?
A: If someone suspects they have a dangerously high or low heart rate, they should consult a healthcare provider promptly. A doctor can perform necessary tests, such as ECGs and Holter monitoring, to diagnose the condition accurately and recommend appropriate treatment or lifestyle changes.
Q: Are there lifestyle changes that can help prevent dangerous heart rates?
A: Yes, several lifestyle changes can help prevent dangerous heart rates. These include staying physically active with regular exercise, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet and weight, prioritising sleep, practising stress management techniques, and following a healthcare provider’s recommendations for physical activity and diet.
Q: How are dangerous heart rates treated in a medical setting?
A: The treatment of dangerous heart rates depends on the specific condition. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, the use of pacemakers, or other medical interventions. A healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate course of action based on the individual’s diagnosis and health status.
Q: Can medications or interventions help manage dangerous heart rates?
A: Yes, medications or interventions can help manage dangerous heart rates. Depending on the diagnosis, healthcare providers may prescribe medications to regulate heart rate or recommend interventions such as pacemakers to maintain a healthy heart rate. These treatments aim to reduce the risks associated with dangerous heart rates and improve overall heart health.
Research Sources
Management of Symptomatic Bradycardia and Tachycardia