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During a weight training session, your muscles undergo a series of changes. “When we weight train, we’re tipping the first domino towards increasing muscle size, strength and/or performance,” says Josh Honore, NASM CPT and Coach for Row House.

Initially, your body will use stored glycogen for energy, and as this gets depleted, it will start to break down fat and protein for energy, depleting your muscles’ energy reserves and breaking down muscle fibers. As a result of this process, muscle fibers can tear and fluids can be lost, which can cause soreness and inflammation. In response to these tears, muscles send a signal that they are injured, and specific cells that grow and regenerate muscle cells respond.

“The actual adaption happens at rest,” explains Honore. “If you don’t give the body enough time between workouts, your adaptation process gets cut short. You leave valuable gains on the table and can enter your next workout without being fully recovered,” adds Honore.

Rest is equally important for our mental health. Many of us turn to exercise as a stress reliever, but overtraining can lead to burnout1, stress, and anxiety. When you weight train, you’re raising your heart rate and increasing the cortisol in your body. The problem is, when you are going through a stressful time in life and adding a rigid weightlifting schedule on top of that, you may do more damage than good.

Instead of thinking of exercise as a “chore,” think of it as something you get to enjoy. The key to a healthy lifestyle is to make exercise enjoyable and rewarding, rather than a source of tension or stress.

Generally, you should listen to your body when it comes to deciding whether you’re recovered enough for your next lifting session. But if you’re new to weightlifting, there are some guidelines.

“Allow at least 24 up to 72 hours of rest between training the same muscle group,” says Alex Stone, DPT, NSCA. “Larger muscle groups may require more recovery time, while smaller muscle groups might recover more quickly,” Stone adds. For example, your glutes, the largest muscle group in the body, can handle a higher level of stress better than smaller muscle groups like your arms but can take longer to recover as a result.

Research from the ACE Scientific Advisory panel says that it could take from two days up to a week for individuals to recover depending on the intensity of their session and other factors such as age, the quality of recovery (more on that later), and the type of body part being trained.

In terms of how often you should train a large body part like your legs or glutes, the short answer is two to five days per week. A study on young, trained men showed that the optimal number of sets for muscle building2 was 12-20 sets a week. According to research, females adapt similarly to resistance training3 for building muscle, so the same range of sets should be performed. If you’re regularly going to the gym and completing five sets of five different exercises per leg day, then you might only need about one high-intensity leg session a week to fully reap the benefits. 

Meanwhile, If you run a tight schedule, and you prefer to do only three exercises at two sets each, you might benefit from three to four leg sessions per week. There is no one right way to weight train—knowing your body and your limits is one part of the equation. Thus, a solid weightlifting program involves finding out what works best for your lifestyle and following it.

Summary

You’ll want to wait at least two days before working the same muscle groups again, and larger muscles like the glutes may take up to a week to recover.

It’s not just how long you rest between sessions that matters—the quality of your rest is important too. Here are some tips to help your body fully recover after a tough session.

Nutrition: If rest is the first step in getting the most out of your weight training sessions, nutrition is the second. In fact, sufficient protein intake and resistance training are the two main components of muscle growth4. After a workout, your body goes into a process called muscle protein synthesis (MPS), in which protein is used to repair damaged muscle fibers and increase muscle strength and mass. This is why it’s important to consume a sufficient amount of protein during the day to provide the necessary building blocks for muscle repair. Proteins from both animals and plants, along with plenty of macronutrients and micronutrients, form the basis of a balanced diet.

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